Faculty Mentor

Dr. Elaine Vanterpool

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Description

Type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of multiple genetic and environmental factors that precipitate autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. Individuals with type 1 diabetes have higher frequencies of OAS1 GG and GA genotypes than nondiabetic's.OAS1, an interferon-induced gene, also known by its official name, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, encodes proteins that play a crucial role in innate cellular antiviral response which prevents viral replication by activating the adaptive immune system to erase the virus trying to spread. OAS1 is also involved in additional cellular processes such as cell growth and cell death. This gene is found in a cluster of related genes in the OAS gene family which includes OAS2 and OAS3, located on chromosome 12. Polymorphisms in this gene has been found to be associated with multiple different diseases like diabetes, Covid-19, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and prostate cancer. The OAS 1/2/3 cluster is strongly associated with Covid-19 severity, A study was examined on locus in the Moroccan population for the occurrence of the critical variant rs10774671, which is one of the minor alleles of an OAS1 single nucleotide polymorphism that alters splicing, it was found that the rs10774671- G allele is associated with protection against severe Covid-19. Another study investigated the rs1077461 allele and found that it is associated with increased enzymatic activity within type 1 diabetes. Three OAS1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, also known as SNP, were examined to investigate a relationship between SNP and the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The results concluded OAS1 SNP rs2660, rs10774671, and rs3741981 as genetic risk factors for chronic HCV infection. When a virus infects a cell, OAS1 is activated and produces 2',5'-oligoadenylates, which then activate RNase L. This enzyme causes the breakdown of RNA, limiting the spread of the virus.

Publication Date

4-1-2025

City

Huntsville

Disciplines

Biology

Comments

Ashley Tannis, Student Researcher

An Analysis of OAS1 Variants Associated in Diabetes Mellitus

Included in

Biology Commons

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